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Tirzepatide

META-TITLE: [TODO: Tirzepatide — Dual Agonist Research Profile | Brand]
META-DESC: [TODO: Comprehensive tirzepatide profile covering dual GLP-1/GIP agonism, SURMOUNT trial data, research dosing, safety.]

[TODO] Hook — tirzepatide (Mounjaro/Zepbound) as first-in-class GLP-1/GIP dual agonist, FDA approvals, research significance

[IMAGE: Tirzepatide molecular structure or branded vial photograph]

What is Tirzepatide?

[TODO] Full name — Tirzepatide (LY3298176), brand names Mounjaro / Zepbound
[TODO] Developer — Eli Lilly
[TODO] Classification — GLP-1/GIP dual receptor agonist, 39-amino acid peptide
[TODO] FDA status — approved for T2D (2022), obesity (2023)
[TODO] Key distinction — first molecule to agonize both incretin receptors simultaneously

Mechanism of Action

[IMAGE: Dual receptor pathway diagram — GLP-1R and GIPR activation, downstream metabolic effects]

[TODO] GLP-1R activation — appetite reduction, delayed gastric emptying, insulin secretion
[TODO] GIPR activation — enhanced insulin sensitivity, adipose tissue signaling, unclear weight mechanism
[TODO] C20 fatty acid moiety — albumin binding, half-life ~5 days
[TODO] Biased agonism — different signaling profile vs native GLP-1/GIP

Research Highlights

[TODO] SURMOUNT-1 — up to 22.5% body weight reduction (15mg, 72 weeks)
[TODO] SURMOUNT-2 — T2D population, 14.7% weight reduction
[TODO] SURPASS trials — HbA1c reduction, superior to semaglutide in SURPASS-2
[TODO] Cardiovascular — SURPASS-CVOT pending, interim data positive
[TODO] Body composition — greater fat mass reduction vs lean mass

Dosing Protocols (Research Context)

[TODO] Starting dose — 2.5mg weekly for 4 weeks
[TODO] Titration — 2.5mg increments every 4 weeks
[TODO] Maintenance — 5mg, 10mg, or 15mg weekly
[TODO] Administration — subcutaneous, once weekly, rotate injection sites

Safety & Considerations

[TODO] GI effects — nausea (most common), diarrhea, constipation; typically diminish with titration
[TODO] Pancreatitis — rare but monitored; contraindicated with history
[TODO] Gallbladder — increased cholelithiasis incidence with rapid weight loss
[TODO] Injection site reactions — mild, transient