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Semaglutide

META-TITLE: [TODO: Semaglutide — GLP-1 Agonist Research Profile | Brand]
META-DESC: [TODO: Complete semaglutide research profile — GLP-1 receptor agonist mechanism, STEP trial data, dosing protocols, safety.]

[TODO] Hook — semaglutide as the most widely studied GLP-1 receptor agonist, Novo Nordisk, Ozempic/Wegovy/Rybelsus, research landmark

[IMAGE: Semaglutide molecular structure or research vial]

What is Semaglutide?

[TODO] Full name — Semaglutide, brands: Ozempic (T2D), Wegovy (obesity), Rybelsus (oral)
[TODO] Developer — Novo Nordisk
[TODO] Classification — GLP-1 receptor agonist, 94% homology to human GLP-1
[TODO] Forms — injectable (SC weekly), oral (daily tablet)
[TODO] History — approved 2017 (T2D), 2021 (obesity)

Mechanism of Action

[IMAGE: GLP-1 receptor signaling pathway diagram — brain, pancreas, stomach]

[TODO] GLP-1R binding — hypothalamic appetite centers, POMC/CART activation, NPY/AgRP inhibition
[TODO] Gastric emptying — delayed via vagal pathways, increases satiety
[TODO] Pancreatic effects — glucose-dependent insulin secretion, glucagon suppression
[TODO] Albumin binding — C18 fatty acid chain, half-life ~7 days
[TODO] DPP-4 resistance — amino acid modifications prevent degradation

Research Highlights

[TODO] STEP 1 — 14.9% body weight reduction (2.4mg, 68 weeks, non-diabetic)
[TODO] STEP 2 — 9.6% in T2D population
[TODO] STEP 3 — with intensive behavioral therapy, 16% reduction
[TODO] SELECT trial — 20% cardiovascular risk reduction (MACE)
[TODO] FLOW trial — kidney protective effects in CKD + T2D

Dosing Protocols (Research Context)

[TODO] Starting — 0.25mg weekly for 4 weeks
[TODO] Titration — 0.25mg → 0.5mg → 1mg → 1.7mg → 2.4mg (each 4 weeks)
[TODO] Maintenance — 2.4mg weekly (obesity), 1mg weekly (T2D)
[TODO] Storage — 2-8°C, protect from light, 6 weeks in use at room temp

Safety & Considerations

[TODO] GI — nausea (44%), diarrhea (30%), vomiting (24%); typically first 8-12 weeks
[TODO] Pancreatitis — rare, 0.1-0.3%
[TODO] Thyroid — C-cell tumors in rodents, MTC family history contraindication
[TODO] Weight regain — 2/3 regained within 1 year of discontinuation (STEP 4)
[TODO] Muscle mass — concomitant lean mass loss during rapid weight reduction